This album was created by a member of the TPS Teachers Network, a professional social media network for educators, funded by a grant from the Library of Congress. For more information, visit tpsteachersnetwork.org.

Tuskegee Airman

Album Description

The Tuskegee Airmen broke color barriers becoming the first African American aviators to serve in the US military. The Airmen were active during World War II. This album features photos of the Tuskegee Airmen taken by famed photographer Toni Frissell. 

https://blogs.loc.gov/teachers/2020/02/celebrating-the-tuskegee-airmen/

  3 - 5   6 - 8   9 - 12   Social Studies/History   STEM 

Tuskegee airmen Marcellus G. Smith and Roscoe C. Brown, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945

Teaching Notes

Description of Lesson: Students will explore Primary Sources to gain an understanding of the history of the Tuskegee Airmen and the engineering design process. Ask-Imagine- Plan- Create- Improve 

Background: 

Trained in Tuskegee, Alabama was a segregated unit of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332nd Fighter Group. Known as the Tuskegee Airmen, the African American men were trained as pilots, mechanics, air traffic controllers, parachute riggers, navigators and electrical system specialists. The Airmen escorted the bomber planes to their targets in Germany and their safe return to base. General Benjamin O. Davis Jr. led the men of Tuskegee in combat and was the first African American graduate of Westpoint. Under Davis’ leadership, the Tuskegee Airmen receive high regards for the achievements as fighter pilot escorts. The 99th was the only unit not to lose a bomber pilot in combat. Other Bomber crews called them ‘Red Tail Angels’ because of the color of the red color of their tail wings and their commitment to their escort plane in battle. The Airmen were active from 1940-1948. Today , the Tuskegee Airmen Incorporated continues the legacy of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332nd. 

Procedures: 

Primary Analysis: 

Select photograph. Ask Focus Question(s):What do you notice but you can’t explain? Find something small but interesting. What can you learn from examining this image? Using post-its, have students document their recordings and share-out whole group. Provide history of the Tuskegee Airmen. Teacher may show a short clip of the Tuskegee airmen. 

1. Introduce the Engineer Design Process. Ask- Imagine-Plan-Create- Improve. 

2. Empower students to design their own aircraft. Have students use a graphic organizer to plan complete the next tasks.

Ask: Can you design an aircraft for the Airmen to fly? Allow time for students to Imagine their design and share out with a partner. Students can use Fold-n-Fly to assist them during this part of the design process. Students will then Plan out their design. Next, students will Create their aircraft.  Then, students will Test their design to see which aircraft flew the farthest. Lastly, allow time for students to Improve their design.

3. Return to an image with an aircraft and ask students what type of aircraft did the Tuskegee Airmen fly? Allow for conversation and inform students of the  P-47s flown by the Airmen. 

4. For closure, have students to complete an exit ticket using the 3-2-1 method. 

National Air and Space Museum  Resources 

Pre K - 2    3 - 5    6 - 8    9 - 12    Social Studies/History    STEM  

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675063/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows left to right, Marcellus G. Smith, Louisville, Kentucky, and Roscoe C. Brown, New York, NY Class 44-C. P-SC#11, "Tootsie," in background was assigned to Lowell Steward. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Smith, Marcellus G
-  Brown, Roscoe Conkling,--Jr.,--1922-2016
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Genre: Film negatives--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13258 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13258

[Members of the Army Air Force 332nd Fighter Group in a briefing room, Ramitelli, Italy]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2016645635/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows a large group of Tuskegee airmen attending a briefing. Among those shown are: Hiram E. Mann, Cleveland, OH, Class 44-F; Newman C. Golden, Cincinnati, OH, 44-G; Bertram W. Wilson, Jr., Brooklyn, NY, 44-E; Samuel W. Watts, Jr., New York, NY, 44-E; Armour G. McDemoe, Martinsville, VA, 43-A; Howard C. Gamble, Charles Town, WV, 43-K; Harry T. Steward, Jr. Corona, NY, 44-F; Earle R. Lane, Wickliffe, OH, 44-D; Wyrain T. Shell, Brooklyn, NY, 44-F; Harold M. Morris, Seattle, WA, 44-D; John E. Edwards, Steubenville, OH, 44-C; John H. Porter, Cleveland, OH, 44-C; James H. Fischer?, Stoughton, MA44-G; Wyrain T. Shell, Brooklyn, NY, 44-F; William E. "Porky" Rice?, Swarthmore, PA, 44-G; Tony Weaver?; Charles L. White?, St. Louis, MO, 44-C; George Arnold Lynch, Valley Stream, NY, 44-F; Samuel L. Washington, Cleveland, OH, 44-F; Calvin J. Spann, Rutherford, NJ, 44-G; Frank N. Wright, Elmsford, NY, 44-F. At Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
Genre: Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Contact sheets--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Stamped on verso: Copyright not to be reproduced without written permission from Toni Frissell 6 West 48th Street New York, N.Y. 10036.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 40816 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.40816

[First graduating class of African American pilots in U.S. Army Air Corps, at Advanced Flying School, Tuskegee, Alabama: G.S. Roberts, B.O. Davis, C.H. DeBow, R.M. Long, Mac Ross, and L.R. Curtis]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/92521044/

Reference note

Created / Published: 1942 March 7.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Squadron, 99th--People--Alabama--Tuskegee--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Alabama--Tuskegee
-  Military air pilots--Alabama--Tuskegee--1940-1950
Genre: Photographic prints--1940-1950
Notes: -  Photoprint by U.S. Army Air Force.
-  Forms part of: Visual Materials from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records.
Repository: Digital Id: cph 3b40212 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b40212

[Crew chief Marcellus G. Smith, Louisville, KY, 100th F.S., Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.13257/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows crew chief Marcellus G. Smith of Louisville, Kentucky, 100th F.S., working on an airplane. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Smith, Marcellus G
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13257 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13257

[Col. Benjamin O. Davis, full-length portrait, and Edward C. Gleed, wearing flight gear, standing next to airplane, and looking upward, at air base at Ramitelli, Italy]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2001695554/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows (left) Col. Benjamin O. Davis, Commanding Officer, 332nd Fighter Group, Class 42-C; (right) Edward C. Gleed, Lawrence, KS, Class 42-K, Group Operations Officer. P-5/D in background, "Creamer's Dream," generally flown by Charles L. White, St. Louis MO, Class 44-C Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Davis, Benjamin O.,--Jr.,--1912-2002--Military service
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Genre: Portrait photographs--1940-1950
Group portraits--1940-1950
Photographic prints--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Frame ET 330-4 of contact sheet.
-  Copyright by Toni Frissell.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
-  Exhibited: "War/Photography : Photographs of Armed Conflict and its Aftermath" at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, 2012-2013.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 32661 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.32661
ppmsca 11759 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.11759
cph 3d02259 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3d02259

[Tuskegee airmen exiting the parachute room, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675068/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Tuskegee airmen leaving the arachute room. Left to right: Richard S. "Rip" Harder, Brooklyn, NY, Class 44-B; unidentified airman; Thurston L. Gaines, Jr., Freeport, NY, Class 44-G; Newman C. Golden, Cincinnati, OH, Class 44-G; Wendell M. Lucas, Fairmont Heights, MD, Class 44-E. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13263 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13263

[Col. Benjamin O. Davis at Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945, presenting war bond for best kept A/C]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675061/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Col. Benjamin O. Davis presenting war bond for best kept A/C. Left to right: Crew chief Marcellus G. Smith, Louisville, KY, 100th F.S.; James A. Walker, Manning, SC, 43-E; unknown airman; George S. "Spanky" Roberts; and Davis. (Source: Photographer's notes.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Frissell, Toni,--1907-1988
-  Davis, Benjamin O.,--Jr.,--1912-2002
-  Roberts, George S.,---1984
-  Smith, Marcellus G
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  War bonds & funds--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13256 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13256

Tuskegee Airmen: Charles Edward McGee

Tuskegee Airmen: Charles Edward McGee

[An unidentified Tuskegee airman sitting on top of an airplane, a P-5/D, "Creamer's Dream" airplane in the background, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017646152/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [March 1945]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
Genre: Film negatives--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
-  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ds 10166 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ds.10166

[Members of the 332nd Fighter Group in a briefing room, Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675005/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows members of the 332nd in a briefing room. First row, left to right, 1. Gentry E. Barnes, Lawrenceville, IL, 44-D; 2. Samuel W. Watts, Jr., New York, NY, 44-E; 3. Wendell M. Lucas, Fairmont Heights, MD, 44-E. Second row, 4. Harold M. Morris, Seattle, WA, 44-D; 5. John H. Porter, Cleaveland, OH, 44-C; 6. Joseph L. "Joe" Chineworth, Memphis, TN, 44-E. Third row, 7-9 Unidentified; 10 Wyrain T. Schell, Brooklyn, NY, 44-F. (Source: Photographer's notes and Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13246 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13246

[Toni Frissell with Major George S. "Spanky" Roberts at Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675003/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Deputy Group Commander George S. "Spanky" Roberts with photographer Toni Frissell, at Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. Frissell wrote "Just before take off in stripped down mustang--no guns--for rendezvous with the fighter pilots." Aircraft is a P-5/D, number 37, with three German crosses in front of the number. It was named "Marcelle" and was assigned to Group Headquarters. It is shown configured for "Piggyback." (Source: Photographer's notes and Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Frissell, Toni,--1907-1988
-  Roberts, George S.,---1984
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
-  Corresponding film negative: LC-F9-02-4503-314, no. 05
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13244 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13244

[Members of the 332nd Fighter Group attending a briefing in Ramitelli, Italy, March, 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675004/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows members of the 332nd, from left to right: Robert W. Williams, Ottumwa, IA, Class 44-E; (leather cap) William H. Holloman, III, St. Louis, Mo., Class 44-?; (cloth cap) Ronald W. Reeves, Washington, D.C., Class 44-G; (leather cap) Christopher W. Newman, St. Louis, MO, Class 43-I; (flight cap) Walter M. Downs, New Orleans, LA, Class 43-B. (Source: Photographer's notes and Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
-  Exhibited: "War/Photography : Photographs of Armed Conflict and its Aftermath" at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, 2012-2013.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 13245 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13245

[Edward C. Gleed, Tuskegee airman, three-quarter length portrait, wearing flight gear, facing right, standing with left arm resting on airplane, at air base at Ramitelli, Italy]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675074/

Reference note

Summary: Detail photograph from contact sheet shows Tuskegee airman Edward C. Gleed of Lawrence, Kansas, Class 42-K, Group Operations Officer. Includes P-5/D in background, "Creamer's Dream," generally flown by Charles L. White, St. Louis, Missouri, Class 44-C. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Gleed, Edward C
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
Genre: Portrait photographs--1940-1950
Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Contact sheets--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Detail showing frame ET 330-7 of contact sheet.
-  Stamped on verso: Copyright not to be reproduced without written permission from Toni Frissell 6 West 48th Street New York, N.Y. 10036.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 13269 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13269
ppmsca 40813 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.40813

[Black fighter pilot series: "Escape kits" (cyanide) being distributed to fighter pilots at air base in southern Italy, 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/00649764/

Reference note

Summary: Photo shows (seated): Theodore G. Lumpkin, Jr. Standing (left to right): Joseph L. "Joe" Chineworth, Memphis, TN, Class 44-E; Robert C. Robinson, Asheville, NC, Class 44-G; Driskell B. Ponder, Chicago, IL, Class 43-I; Robert W. Williams, Ottumwa, IA, Class 44-E. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Photographer's notes and Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
-  Exhibited: American Treasures of the Library of Congress, 2000-2001.
-  Corresponding film negative: LC-F9-02-4503-325, no. 7
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 09549 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.09549

[Sgt. William P. Bostic, 301st F.S. in control tower, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675008/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Sgt. William P. Bostic, 301st F.S. in control tower. Control tower directed traffic with red, amber, and green lights and a flare gun to indicate special situations. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Photographer's notes and Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Air traffic control--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13249 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13249

[Black fighter pilot series--pilot with parachute room in background, Ramitelli, Italy]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/96506316/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows: Pilot Newman C. Golden, Cincinnati, Oh, Class 44-G, scanning the skies, with parachute room in background, Ramitelli, Italy. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  Air pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: cph 3g04344 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g04344

[Pilot from the 332nd Fighter Group signing Form One Book]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675006/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows a pilot from the 332nd Fighter Group signing the Form One Book, indicating any discrepancies of aircraft, prior to take off. (Source: Woodrow W. Crockett, 332nd Fighter Group pilot, Tuskegee Airmen.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13247 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13247

[Ground crew sweats in a mission]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675076/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows three Tuskegee airmen looking skyward, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Photographer's note on contact sheet.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13271 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13271

[Portrait of Tuskegee airman Edward M. Thomas, standing]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675069/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Tuskegee airman Edward M. Thomas of Chicago, IL, Class 43-J. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13264 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13264

[Tuskegee airmen Woodrow W. Crockett, Edward C. Gleed, and an unidentified airman at an air base at Ramitelli, Italy]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675067/

Reference note

Summary: Detail photograph from contact sheet shows Tuskegee airman Woodrow W. Crockett, standing at center, Edward C. Gleed, Lawrence, KS, Class 42-K, Group Operations Officer, seated on the right, and an unidentified airman seated on the left. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Crockett, Woodrow W.,--1918-2012
-  Gleed, Edward C
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
Genre: Portrait photographs--1940-1950
Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Contact sheets--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Detail showing frame ET 320-9 of contact sheet.
-  Stamped on verso: Copyright not to be reproduced without written permission from Toni Frissell 6 West 48th Street New York, N.Y. 10036.
-  Stamped on verso: No objection to publication. 2 War Department. Security Sec. for Pub. Relations APR 28 1945.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 13262 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13262
ppmsca 40814 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.40814

[Edward C. Gleed and two unidentified Tuskegee airmen, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675075/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Tuskegee airman Edward C. Gleed, Lawrence, KS, Class 42-K, with two unidentified crewmen adjusting an external seventy-five gallon drop tank on the wing of a P-5/D, "Creamer's Dream." Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Gleed, Edward C
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Genre: Film negatives--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ppmsca 13270 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13270

[Tuskegee airmen Roscoe C. Brown, Marcellus G. Smith, and Benjamin O. Davis, Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675072/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows left to right, Roscoe C. Brown, New York, NY, Class 44-C; Marcellus G. Smith, Louisville, KY; Col. Benjamin O. Davis. Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  Brown, Roscoe Conkling,--Jr.,--1922-2016
-  Smith, Marcellus G
-  Davis, Benjamin O.,--Jr.,--1912-2002
-  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Genre: Film negatives--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13267 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13267

[Photograph of Tuskegee airmen attending a briefing in Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2007675066/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Tuskegee airmen attending a briefing. Foreground (left to right): Joseph L. "Joe" Chineworth (partial view, wheel cap) Memphis, TN, Class 44-E; Emile G. Clifton, San Francisco, CA, Class 44-B; Richard S. "Rip" Harder, Brooklyn, NY, Class 44-B. Along back wall (back to front): Frank N. Wright, Elmsford, NY, Class 44-F; Robert J. Murdic, Franklin, TN, Class 44-F; Jimmie D. Wheeler. At Ramitelli, Italy, March 1945. (Source: Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group pilots.)
Contributor Names: Frissell, Toni, 1907-1988, photographer
Created / Published: [1945 March]
Subject Headings: -  United States.--Army Air Forces.--Fighter Group, 332nd--People--1940-1950
-  African Americans--Military service--1940-1950
-  World War, 1939-1945--African Americans--Italy
-  World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Italy
-  Fighter pilots--American--Italy--1940-1950
Notes: -  Also available as contact sheet in LOT 12447-1.
-  Title devised by Library staff.
-  Forms part of: Toni Frissell Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: ppmsca 13261 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.13261