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The Labor Movement and Conflict in America: Through the Lens of US History

Album Description

In order to create historical thinking and source analysis, students must have historical background knowledge and an understanding of its modern impact. This requires the ability to check primary and secondary sources for validity and to  understand how to use these sources as supporting evidence. Making connections to the Ludlow Massacre and the Labor Movement during the Progressive Era, students will be able to trace the connections from the past to the present and analyze their causes, effects, and significance in a critical manner. This lesson was designed for the Fall of 2020, but can be adapted for any current event. The focus is the Ludlow Massacre and the broader effects of the Labor Movement at that time.

No Technology Access

Use this learning activity modification when students have no access to a device or to the internet.

Low Technology Access

Use this learning activity modification when students have intermittent access to a device or to the internet and also have the ability to use technology with minimal support.

High Technology Access

Use this learning activity modification when students have few or no device or internet access limitations and also have the ability to use technology with minimal support.

This is a collaborative lesson built by   Kelly Jones-Wagy ,   Mark Olmstead  and   Tim Lorenz 

  9 - 12   Social Studies/History   US History 

Table of Population Growth in Colorado

Teaching Notes

Use with other map and table:

Where was the highest population growth in Colorado? Why do you think there was rapid population growth in that area?  Which resource is most prevalent in southern Colorado? What potential conflict could you predict from rapid population growth, resource abundance, and low government oversight?

  notech  

Cause: What was occurring in the United States at this time that led to events like the Ludlow Massacre and other labor strikes?

Reference note

Go to the 1910 link, then Final Reports, and then Volume 2, Full Document.

The Biggest and Most Powerful Worker Strikes of All Time

Teaching Notes

Paired with the Black Lives Matter protest article:

Using the maps of the historic labor protests and the contemporary Black Lives Matter protests, what comparisons can be seen?  Is there a pattern between the two?  How are economic and racial justice similar?  In what areas do they overlap?  In what areas are they unique?  Have students make digital protest posters for the different types of movements.  How does the messaging of the two movements show similarity and differences between their methods and goals?

      

Effect: What were the short-term AND long-term effects of the labor movement of the early 20th century?

Significance: How does the Ludlow Massacre contextualize the broader Labor Movement and its significance to US History?

Modern Impact: What impacts do we see today that are a result of labor strikes during the Progressive Era?

Map of Black Lives Matter protests

Teaching Notes

Paired with the Biggest Worker Strikes of All Time article:

Using the maps of the historic labor protests and the contemporary Black Lives Matter protests, what comparisons can be seen?  Is there a pattern between the two?  How are economic and racial justice similar?  In what areas do they overlap?  In what areas are they unique?  Have students make digital protest posters for the two different types of movements.  How does the messaging of the two movements show similarity and differences between their methods and goals?

      

Effect: What were the short-term AND long-term effects of the labor movement of the early 20th century?

Significance: How does the Ludlow Massacre contextualize the broader Labor Movement and its significance to US History?

Modern Impact: What impacts do we see today that are a result of labor strikes during the Progressive Era?

Seattle Star: "A Modern Day Herod, "Mother Jones Calls Rockefeller" May 29, 1914

Teaching Notes

Used with the Cheyenne Record:

Using these two newspaper clips as templates recreate a news article of the Ludlow Massacre.  Have students focus on the aspects of primary sources and what makes them effective.  Useful for language development for ELL’s.  Focus on unique language used in periodical writing.  How do periodicals capture attention without sacrificing the needed information.  What information is needed to tell the news, and what would be considered superfluous? (can be done on paper or the computer, if available).

  sometech    Bilingual Education/ESL  

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

The Cheyenne Record: "Wilson Orders U.S Soldiers into Colorado", April 30, 1914

Teaching Notes

Used with the Seattle Star newspaper:

Using these two newspaper clips as templates recreate a news article of the Ludlow Massacre.  Have students focus on the aspects of primary sources and what makes them effective.  Useful for language development for ELL’s.  Focus on unique language used in periodical writing.  How do periodicals capture attention without sacrificing the needed information.  What information is needed to tell the news, and what would be considered superfluous? (can be done on paper or the computer, if available).

  sometech    Bilingual Education/ESL  

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

Coronavirus Workers' Safety- New York Times, 05/12/2020

Teaching Notes

Paired with the Zinn Project Article

Compare and contrast: Ludlow and COVID-19, What do workplaces need to be considered safe?

  notech  

Effect: What were the short-term AND long-term effects of the labor movement of the early 20th century?

Significance: How does the Ludlow Massacre contextualize the broader Labor Movement and its significance to US History?

Modern Impact: What impacts do we see today that are a result of labor strikes during the Progressive Era?

Coal Miners

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)   notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Reference note

Title
[Coal miners at work in mine]

Summary
Photograph of sterograph half shows two miners working by candlelight in mine.

Contributor Names
Underwood & Underwood, copyright claimant

Created / Published
c1906.

AFL-CIO- History of the Labor Movement

Teaching Notes

Group with: (S.2893, Haymarket Riot, AFL-CIO, UMWA poster) 

Leveled analysis:

  1. Using background knowledge and without looking at sources, what effects do YOU think would happen as a result of the Ludlow Massacre? Are these effects mostly positive or negative? Are these effects short-term or long-term?
  2. Reading S.2893, what do you think is the importance of creating an historic landmark to the Ludlow Massacre? What does it mean when a society creates a monument? What message does a monument convey?  How can a society recognize bad parts of its history?  Does a historic landmark accomplish that goal?
  3. The Ludlow Massacre was not the only labor strike. Using the article about the Haymarket Riot and the AFL-CIO, what is the significance of the 8-hour work day?  What makes that so revolutionary at the time?  After that victory for labor, what other changes today do you think labor unions would be fighting for?
  4. Look at the UMWA poster.  First, what do you notice?  Is this pro-labor or anti-labor? Why? What could make this an effective tool?  Is this a primary or secondary source?  How could you use this in an argument about the causes of the Ludlow Massacre or similar events?

  notech  

Haymarket Riot- Effects (8 hour workday)

Teaching Notes

Group with: (S.2893, Haymarket Riot, AFL-CIO, UMWA poster) 

Leveled analysis:

  1. Using background knowledge and without looking at sources, what effects do YOU think would happen as a result of the Ludlow Massacre? Are these effects mostly positive or negative? Are these effects short-term or long-term?
  2. Reading S.2893, what do you think is the importance of creating an historic landmark to the Ludlow Massacre? What does it mean when a society creates a monument? What message does a monument convey?  How can a society recognize bad parts of its history?  Does a historic landmark accomplish that goal?
  3. The Ludlow Massacre was not the only labor strike. Using the article about the Haymarket Riot and the AFL-CIO, what is the significance of the 8-hour work day?  What makes that so revolutionary at the time?  After that victory for labor, what other changes today do you think labor unions would be fighting for?
  4. Look at the UMWA poster.  First, what do you notice?  Is this pro-labor or anti-labor? Why? What could make this an effective tool?  Is this a primary or secondary source?  How could you use this in an argument about the causes of the Ludlow Massacre or similar events?

  notech  

S.2893- Ludlow Massacre National Historic Landmark Act

Teaching Notes

Group with: (S.2893, Haymarket Riot, AFL-CIO, UMWA poster) 

Leveled analysis:

  1. Using background knowledge and without looking at sources, what effects do YOU think would happen as a result of the Ludlow Massacre? Are these effects mostly positive or negative? Are these effects short-term or long-term?
  2. Reading S.2893, what do you think is the importance of creating an historic landmark to the Ludlow Massacre? What does it mean when a society creates a monument? What message does a monument convey?  How can a society recognize bad parts of its history?  Does a historic landmark accomplish that goal?
  3. The Ludlow Massacre was not the only labor strike. Using the article about the Haymarket Riot and the AFL-CIO, what is the significance of the 8-hour work day?  What makes that so revolutionary at the time?  After that victory for labor, what other changes today do you think labor unions would be fighting for?
  4. Look at the UMWA poster.  First, what do you notice?  Is this pro-labor or anti-labor? Why? What could make this an effective tool?  Is this a primary or secondary source?  How could you use this in an argument about the causes of the Ludlow Massacre or similar events?

  notech  

Zinn Education Project- Ludlow Massacre

Teaching Notes

Paired with the New York Times COVID-19 article:

Compare and contrast: Ludlow and COVID-19, What do workplaces need to be considered safe?

  notech  

Effect: What were the short-term AND long-term effects of the labor movement of the early 20th century?

Significance: How does the Ludlow Massacre contextualize the broader Labor Movement and its significance to US History?

Modern Impact: What impacts do we see today that are a result of labor strikes during the Progressive Era?

'Woody Guthrie Ludlow Massacre'

Teaching Notes

How is music considered an historical source?  How does the song portray the Ludlow Massacre?  How are songs sometimes more effective at messaging than other forms of communication?  Is this song pro-labor or anti-labor?  How can you tell?

  sometech  

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

Pro vs. Anti Labor: Which source would be used to support a pro-labor argument? Why?  And which would best support an anti-labor argument? Why?

Reference note

'Refers to the violent deaths of 20 people, 11 of them children, during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families inLudlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914'

Ludlow-after the fire

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)

  notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Map of Relative Coal Production by State, 1910

Teaching Notes

Use with other map and table:

Where was the highest population growth in Colorado? Why do you think there was rapid population growth in that area?  Which resource is most prevalent in southern Colorado? What potential conflict could you predict from rapid population growth, resource abundance, and low government oversight?

  notech  

Cause: What was occurring in the United States at this time that led to events like the Ludlow Massacre and other labor strikes?

Reference note

Go to the 1910 link, then Final Reports, and then Volume 2, Full Document.

Map of Coal Mining Fields in the United States, 1909

Teaching Notes

Use with other map and table:

Where was the highest population growth in Colorado? Why do you think there was rapid population growth in that area?  Which resource is most prevalent in southern Colorado? What potential conflict could you predict from rapid population growth, resource abundance, and low government oversight?

  notech  

Cause: What was occurring in the United States at this time that led to events like the Ludlow Massacre and other labor strikes?

Reference note

Go to the 1910 link, then Final Reports, and then Volume 2, Full Document.

United Mine Workers of America

Teaching Notes

Group with: (S.2893, Haymarket Riot, AFL-CIO, UMWA poster) 

Leveled analysis:

  1. Using background knowledge and without looking at sources, what effects do YOU think would happen as a result of the Ludlow Massacre? Are these effects mostly positive or negative? Are these effects short-term or long-term?
  2. Reading S.2893, what do you think is the importance of creating an historic landmark to the Ludlow Massacre? What does it mean when a society creates a monument? What message does a monument convey?  How can a society recognize bad parts of its history?  Does a historic landmark accomplish that goal?
  3. The Ludlow Massacre was not the only labor strike. Using the article about the Haymarket Riot and the AFL-CIO, what is the significance of the 8-hour work day?  What makes that so revolutionary at the time?  After that victory for labor, what other changes today do you think labor unions would be fighting for?
  4. Look at the UMWA poster.  First, what do you notice?  Is this pro-labor or anti-labor? Why? What could make this an effective tool?  Is this a primary or secondary source?  How could you use this in an argument about the causes of the Ludlow Massacre or similar events?

  notech  

Reference note

Title
United Mine-Workers of America

Contributor Names
Kurz & Allison.

Created / Published
c1899.

Notes
- This record contains unverified data from PGA shelflist card, with subsequent revisions.
- Associated name on shelflist card: Kurz & Allison Art Studio, Chicago.
- Copyrighted by Dennis G. Sims, Sullivan, Indiana.

Class War in Colorado- The Masses

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

Pro vs. Anti Labor: Which source would be used to support a pro-labor argument? Why?  And which would best support an anti-labor argument? Why?

  notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Have students create a caption for each photograph that explain in their own words how it captures the significance of the event.”  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

The Blot!

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

Pro vs. Anti Labor: Which source would be used to support a pro-labor argument? Why?  And which would best support an anti-labor argument? Why?

  notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Is Colorado in America?

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)

Primary vs. Secondary Sources: Which source was most convincing towards constructing your argument? What made it effective?

Pro vs. Anti Labor: Which source would be used to support a pro-labor argument? Why?  And which would best support an anti-labor argument? Why?

  notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Ludlow Massacre- White flag of truce

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)   notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Support for Mother Jones at Ludlow

Teaching Notes

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Reference note

Title
Women's march
Date
January 1914
Summary
Women demonstrate to free Mother Jones and support the AMW Ludlow strike against CF&I, in Trinidad (Las Animas County), Colorado. They wear sashes that read: "Trinidad". One woman holds a sign that reads: "Mother Jones Has Not Done Anything That We Would Not Do".

Ludlow Square

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)   notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Ludlow Massacre- Comrades after battle

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)   notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech  

Truce Flag- After Ludlow Massacre

Teaching Notes

What conclusions can be drawn from the provided photographs and maps? (Grouped with all other photographs)   notech  

Create a photojournal of the events at Ludlow and the propaganda. Students should explain each photograph in their own words creating captions of the events and how that picture captures the significance of the events.  How could the photo be impactful?  What purpose does the photo serve?  In today’s society social media like Instagram is a version of a photojournal where we document our own personal history through photographs. If students were to create an Instagram page for the Ludlow Massacre or other labor strikes how could they document it to capture the full story and caption it to express the significance, cause, and effects?   hitech    hightech