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Album Description
Middle school students study World War II and sometimes read, study and discuss this compelling and unforgettable book, Hiroshima by John Hersey. This nonfiction work made Americans aware of the horrors of atomic warfare. His A Bell for Adano won a Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.
In 1946, John Hersey published in The New Yorker Magazine, "Hiroshima," an account of the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. Soon after the explosion, a straightforward record of six Hiroshima residents and survivors was recorded.
As a companion book, share the following memoir with the students.
Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes tells of twelve year old Sadako Sasaki who died ten years after the atomic bombing, as a result of "atomic bomb disease,"luekemia. After her death, the paper crane became a symbol of Sadako and "her dream of universal peace and hope." A memoir written by a family member shows a unique perspective of the aftermath of the atomic bombings in Japan in 1945.
A link within the album connects to The Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima built in 1954 as a memorial to peace. Please visit the link.
Reference note
Copies of book covers found online.
Teaching Notes
Development of the atomic bomb was in secret. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a letter thanks Dr. Oppenheimer and his team for their effort. Note "Secret" at the top of The White House stationary.
Reference note
Created / Published: 29 June 1943
Subject Headings: - Japan
- Presidents
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano) (1882-1945)
- Alamogordo (N.M.)
- Atomic bomb
- Hiroshima-shi (Japan)
- Manhattan Project (U.S.)
- Nagasaki-shi (Japan)
- Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)
- Physicists
- Scientists
- Manuscripts
Genre: Manuscripts
Notes: - Reproduction number: A70 (color slide; pages 1-2)
- In the midst of World War II when the United States was engaged abroad in a major conflict with Germany and Japan, it was also working furiously at home toward the completion of the Manhattan Project. This huge research and development project was begun in June 1942 to develop a superexplosive weapon based on the nuclear fission process. It was hoped that such a superweapon would end the war. Two years before such an experimental atomic bomb was detonated successfully near Alamogordo, New Mexico, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) wrote to J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), the scientist in charge of its development. In this otherwise oblique note of confidence and appreciation, Roosevelt's understanding of the project's significance is made perfectly clear, and he ends his letter with an upbeat morale- booster, suggesting that American science is up to anything the enemy can offer. His confidence was proven justified, as the United States followed its experimental detonation of 16 July 1945 by dropping atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima (6 August 1945) and Nagasaki (9 August 1945), resulting shortly thereafter in Japan's surrender.
Repository: Manuscript Division
Teaching Notes
Page 2 a continuation of President Roosevelt's letter to Dr. Oppenheimer.
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/resource/mcc.083/?sp=2
Reference note
Created / Published: 29 June 1943
Subject Headings: - Japan
- Presidents
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano) (1882-1945)
- Alamogordo (N.M.)
- Atomic bomb
- Hiroshima-shi (Japan)
- Manhattan Project (U.S.)
- Nagasaki-shi (Japan)
- Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967)
- Physicists
- Scientists
- Manuscripts
Genre: Manuscripts
Notes: - Reproduction number: A70 (color slide; pages 1-2)
- In the midst of World War II when the United States was engaged abroad in a major conflict with Germany and Japan, it was also working furiously at home toward the completion of the Manhattan Project. This huge research and development project was begun in June 1942 to develop a superexplosive weapon based on the nuclear fission process. It was hoped that such a superweapon would end the war. Two years before such an experimental atomic bomb was detonated successfully near Alamogordo, New Mexico, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) wrote to J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), the scientist in charge of its development. In this otherwise oblique note of confidence and appreciation, Roosevelt's understanding of the project's significance is made perfectly clear, and he ends his letter with an upbeat morale- booster, suggesting that American science is up to anything the enemy can offer. His confidence was proven justified, as the United States followed its experimental detonation of 16 July 1945 by dropping atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima (6 August 1945) and Nagasaki (9 August 1945), resulting shortly thereafter in Japan's surrender.
Repository: Manuscript Division
Teaching Notes
This is the Bellevue, Nebraska location on Offutt Field, now Offutt Air Force Base, where the Enola Gay was assembled. The photo shows a similar B-29 Superfortress being moved. Note the height of people in comparison to the plane.
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.ne0121.photos/?sp=31
Reference note
Contributor Names: Historic American Engineering Record, creator
Albert Kahn Associated Architects and Engineers
U.S. Air Force
Glenn L. Martin Company
Lockheed Martin Company
Lockheed Aircraft Company
Lueninghoener, Ed
National Park Service Intermountain Support Office
Svenson, Gene
Coburn, Jean
Created / Published: Documentation compiled after 1968
Subject Headings: - war (World War II)
- aircraft industry
- military aircraft
- assembly plants
- Nebraska -- Sarpy County -- Bellevue
Notes: - Significance: In 1940, as the United States faced the prospect of its entry into World War II, the War Department authorized four new aircraft assembly plants, including the bomber plant built at Fort Crook (Offutt Airfield) near Bellevue, Nebraska. Built by Glenn L. Martin Company, the Aircraft Manufacturing and Assembly Building (commonly known as Building "D" or Facility 301) is the largest and most significant building within the Glenn L. Martin-Nebraska Bomber Plant, which included seventeen structures and two main runways. The structure is best remembered for the production of heavy bombers, including the B-26C (Martin Marauder) and B-29 (Boeing Superfortress), which were used with effectiveness during World War II. By the end of 1944, the facility was manufacturing more than fifty B-29s per month, including the secretly assembled and specifically equipped bombers Enola Gay and Bock's Car used to deliver and drop the world's first atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The aircraft assembly building is also significant for its association with Glenn L. Martin and the aviation company he founded. The Glenn L. Martin Company, renamed Lockheed Martin in 1995 after its merger with Lockheed Aircraft Company, designed the first mechanized conveyor system used to assemble the B-29. Noted modern industrialist architect Albert Kahn designed the enormous utilitarian structure, which measured 900' long and 600' wide when completed in 1941. Building "D" is one of the most important works of engineering and architecture in Nebraska and one of the most historically significant World War II era buildings in the United States.
- Survey number: HAER NE-9-R
- Building/structure dates: 1941 Initial Construction
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/95505485/
Reference note
Created / Published: [Before Aug. 6, 1945]
Subject Headings: - World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Japan--Hiroshima-shi
- Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--1940-1950
Notes: - Date stamped on verso: Jun 26 1946.
- New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection.
- Official U.S. Army photo.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: cph 3c13495 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c13495
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3c13494/
Reference note
Created / Published: 1946 Jun 26.
Subject Headings: - World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Japan--Hiroshima-shi
- War damage--Japan--Hiroshima-shi--1940-1950
- Nuclear weapons--1940-1950
- Aerial bombings--Japan--Hiroshima-shi--1940-1950
- Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--1940-1950
Notes: - New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection.
- Official U.S. Army photo.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: cph 3c13494 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c13494
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017659326/
Reference note
Created / Published: [1945]
Subject Headings: - World War, 1939-1945--Air operations--American--Japan--Hiroshima-shi
- Atomic bombs--American--Japan--Hiroshima-shi--1940-1950
- Aerial bombings--Japan--Hiroshima-shi--1940-1950
- Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945
Genre: Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Notes: - Title from item.
- "Official photograph furnished by Headquarters, A.A.F. AC/AS-2" stamped on back of print.
- "If published credit U.S. Army, A.A.F. photo" stamped on back of print.
- Photo number: A-58914 AC.
- Forms part of the National Committee on Atomic Information records at the Library of Congress.
- PR 13 CN 1995:068 (1 AA size box)
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ds 10871 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ds.10871
Teaching Notes
Images from a Washington, D.C. newspaper.
Reference note
Newspaper: Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972
Newspaper Link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1945-08-12/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1945&index=1&rows=20...
Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC
PDF Link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1945-08-12/ed-1/seq-5.pdf
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2004669950/
Reference note
Created / Published: [1945]
Subject Headings: - Hiroshima-shi (Japan)--History--Bombardment, 1945
- War damage--Japan--Hiroshima-shi--1940-1950
- World War, 1939-1945--Destruction & pillage--American--Japan--Hiroshima-shi
Genre: Aerial views--1940-1950
Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Notes: - Title from item.
- Official U.S. Army photo.
- Date stamped on verso: Jun 26 1946.
- Forms part of: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection (Library of Congress).
- Published in: "War" chapter of the ebook Great Photographs from the Library of Congress, 2013.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: cph 3c34192 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c34192
Teaching Notes
Headline article from September 13, 1945 states "Radioactivity Deaths In Hiroshima Bombing Denied after Survey." We know otherwise.
Reference note
Newspaper: Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972
Newspaper Link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1945-09-13/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1945&index=13&rows=2...
Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC
PDF Link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1945-09-13/ed-1/seq-2.pdf
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2005691904/
Reference note
Created / Published: 1945 August 14.
Subject Headings: - V-J Day, 1945
- World War, 1939-1945--Peace--New York (State)--New York
- Italian Americans--Social life--New York (State)--New York--1940-1950
- Victory celebrations--New York (State)--New York--1940-1950
Genre: Gelatin silver prints--1940-1950
Notes: - Title taken from news agency caption on item.
- Associated Press photograph.
- No. 23124C.
- Forms part of: New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection (Library of Congress).
- Published in: "War" chapter of the ebook Great Photographs from the Library of Congress, 2013.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: cph 3c35620 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c35620
Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2013648116/
Reference note
Summary: Photograph shows Navy personnel, seamen, Japanese officers, and media aboard the U.S.S. "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay watching the signing of the Japanese surrender document by Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu while Gen. Douglas MacArthur broadcasts the ceremony.
Contributor Names: United States. Navy, photographer
Created / Published: 1945 Sept. 2.
Subject Headings: - Shigemitsu, Mamoru,--1887-1957
- MacArthur, Douglas,--1880-1964--Military service
- World War, 1939-1945--Armistices--Japan--Tokyo Bay
- World War, 1939-1945--Surrenders--Japanese--Japan--Tokyo Bay
- Document signings--Japan--Tokyo Bay--1940-1950
Genre: Photographic prints--1940-1950
Notes: - Official U.S. Navy photo.
- Title from item.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: cph 3a21558 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a21558
Teaching Notes
The Peace Memorial Park is located in downtown Hiroshima to the west of the Kamiyachō and Hatchōbori government and business district.
The park is in Nakajima, which was once the city center and home to an estimated 6,500 people before the atomic bombing. The target for the bombing was Aioibashi—a distinctive T-shaped bridge easy to recognize from the air—just to the north of where the park now stands.
Teaching Notes
The map and photo are from https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00141/
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