This album was created by a member of the TPS Teachers Network, a professional social media network for educators, funded by a grant from the Library of Congress. For more information, visit tpsteachersnetwork.org.

Following the Vaccine

Album Description

There are historic primary sources of the vaccination process from manufacturing and distribution to implementation in the Library of Congress.  As we watch (and wait) for the COVID vaccination process to roll out, students might be interested in researching past vaccines and vaccinations and the health crisis  they helped to extinguish.  In virtual teams, students might identify the history of a specific vaccine, the procedure for distribution and the resulting statistics and impact on the health of a community or country.  I’ve added some images below to get started. Please add more.

  Vaccine   Vaccination   COVID   Pandemic   bestof 

Greenville, South Carolina. Air Service Command. Men reporting at the medical unit for periodic inoculations and injections

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017860354/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Delano, Jack, photographer
Created / Published: 1943 July.
Subject Headings: -  United States--South Carolina--Greenville County--Greenville
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch5
-  Film copy on SIS roll 19, frame 232.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d40345 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d40345

Vaccine Promotional

Teaching Notes

As vaccines for Covid-19 become more available the Ad Council CovidCollaborative is running a campaign to “educate the American public and build confidence around the COVID-19 vaccines.”

Using primary sources from the Library of Congress, students might put together their own vaccine campaigns to educate adults about vaccinations.  This example is created from the primary sources in this album using the app Clips.

  Vaccine    COVID-19    bestof  

Link: https://vimeo.com/517392491

Reference note

Using Primary Sources from the Library of Congress to show vaccination history

NATIONAL VACCINE and ANTITOXIN INST.

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2016859116/

Reference note

Created / Published: [between 1905 and 1945]
Genre: Glass negatives
Notes: -  Title from unverified caption data received with the Harris & Ewing Collection.
-  Date span based on active dates of Harris & Ewing, Inc.
-  Copy of print. Portrait series.
-  Gift; Harris & Ewing, Inc. 1955.
-  General information about the Harris & Ewing Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.hec
-  Temp. note: Batch three.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: hec 18053 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.18053

Code of Federal Regulations: Defense Production Act Of 1950, As Amended (1951)

Teaching Notes

Have students explore how legislation enacted for previous times can be applied today.

Code of Federal Regulations: Defense Production Act Of 1950, As Amended (1951)

102 year old survivor of Flu Pandemic received COVID Vaccine

Teaching Notes

Sherman Hoganson, Fargo, ND who survived the 1918 flu pandemic received the  COVID vaccine January 7.  A  household worker  in his childhood home died during the 1918 pandemic

What a story this resident of a senior living facility has to tell. 

Science    Vaccinations    COVID  

Fake Virus Cures Echo Quack Flu Ads From Century Ago

Teaching Notes

"Ads promoting unproven miracle cures - including intravenous drips, ozone therapy and immunity-boosting music - have targeted people trying to avoid the coronavirus pandemic." As this New York Times article points out, "not much has changed" more than a century after the influenza pandemic of 1918. The difference is that the algorithms that serve up such ads today have little oversight and no common baseline for what is "true." 

Five of the images from the article are credited to the Library of Congress. Using keywords from these ads, plus other keywords from the article, students could search Chronicling America for still more examples from 1918. The guiding question focus? "The scientific basis of cures." Or maybe, "Cures vs. Claims."

  snake oil    quackery    medicine    media literacy  

Fake Virus Cures Echo Quack Flu Ads From Century Ago

Government urges vaccinations. As a preventative against the danger of smallpox, diptheria and typhoid, health officials in Washington last week began giving free inoculations to federal employees. Photo shows Miss Norma T. Roberts of the Office of War Information (OWI) being vaccinated by Dr. C.C Dauer of the District Health Department

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017695783/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Smith, Roger, photographer
United States. Office of War Information.
Created / Published: 1943 Jan.
Subject Headings: -  United States--District of Columbia--Washington (D.C.)
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Actual size of negative is C (approximately 4 x 5 inches).
-  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Film copy on SIS roll 32, frame 813.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8b05670 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b05670

U.S. Office of War Information (OWI) employees receiving free inoculation against smallpox, diptheria and typhoid

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017867827/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Smith, Roger, photographer
Created / Published: 1943 Jan.
Subject Headings: -  United States--District of Columbia--Washington (D.C.)
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Annotation on negative and/or original negative jacket.
-  Negative had no edge number.
-  Title and other information from lot catalog card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch6
-  Film copy on SIS roll 20, frame 555.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d42949 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d42949

Major Connell inoculating woman motorist

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2014704699/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows Major Connell, surgeon of the 71st Regiment, inoculating one of the three hundred women in the Women's Motor Corps of the National League for Women's Service with the army serum for typhoid at the 71st Regiment Armory, New York City, May 29, 1917 during World War I. (Source: Flickr Commons project, 2015)
Contributor Names: Bain News Service, publisher
Created / Published: [1917 May 29]
Subject Headings: -  World War, 1914-1918
Genre: Glass negatives
Notes: -  Title from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative.
-  Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
-  General information about the George Grantham Bain Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: ggbain 24517 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.24517

Typhoid inoculation at Marianna, Arkansas

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017728523/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Locke, Edwin, photographer
United States. Resettlement Administration.
Created / Published: 1937 Feb.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Arkansas--Marianna
-  Floods--Arkansas--1937
Genre: Nitrate negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8a14744 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8a14744

San Francisco, Calif., April 1942 - Evacuees of Japanese descent being inoculated as they register for evacuation

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2001697378/

Reference note

Summary: Two small girls being inoculated, as several other people watch.
Created / Published: 1942 April.
Subject Headings: -  World War, 1939-1945--Japanese Americans--California--San Francisco
Notes: -  Photo attributed to Dorothea Lange.
-  Title and other information transcribed from caption card.
-  Photograph from U.S. War Relocation Authority.
-  No. A-501.
-  Farm Security Administration and Office of War Information Collection (Library of Congress).
-  Caption card tracings: Ca. S-F-; Japanese in US; Shelf.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: cph 3b06149 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b06149

Health in a U.S. city - a serum and vaccine farm. Children await inoculation

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2006692264/

Reference note

Summary: Photograph shows school children waiting in line for immunization shots at a child health station in New York City, N.Y.
Contributor Names: United States. Office of War Information.
Created / Published: [1944?]
Subject Headings: -  School children--New York (State)--New York--1940-1950
-  Vaccinations--New York (State)--New York--1940-1950
-  Injections--New York (State)--New York--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title from item.
-  Portrait of America, series no. 99.
-  Forms part of: Portrait of America Collection.
-  Published in: The tradition of technology : Landmarks of Western technology ... / Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1995, p. 304.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: cph 3c10440 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c10440

Army declares war on pneumonia. Washington, D.C., Sept. 1. The Army Medical Center is preparing a pneumonia vaccine for the first mass scale inoculation ever attempted in the battle against the disease. Volunteers from the CCC will be the human guinea pigs in the experiment. This vaccine, which is 10 times more costly as gold, is being made for distribution this fall to all CCC enrollees who desire inoculations. Officers expect to have enough vaccine for the safeguarding of 300,000 individuals. Captain John R. Wood, is shown with the partially purified product when it dialyzed in cellophane sacks to remove the reaction substances that give chills and fever and to further purify the product....

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2016872279/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Harris & Ewing, photographer
Created / Published: [1937 September 1]
Subject Headings: -  United States--District of Columbia--Washington (D.C.)
Genre: Glass negatives
Notes: -  Title from unverified caption data received with the Harris & Ewing Collection.
-  Date (year) based on date of negatives in same range.
-  Gift; Harris & Ewing, Inc. 1955.
-  General information about the Harris & Ewing Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.hec
-  Temp. note: Batch five.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: hec 23304 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.23304

San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 1942 - evacuees of Japanese descent being inoculated as they registered for evacuation, and assignment, later, to war relocation authority centers for the duration of the war

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2002719511/

Reference note

Summary: Men and women in line being inoculated by nurse.
Contributor Names: Lange, Dorothea, photographer
United States. War Relocation Authority.
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  World War, 1939-1945--Japanese Americans--California--San Francisco
-  Vaccinations--California--San Francisco--1940-1950
Notes: -  Title from item.
-  Photograph attributed to Dorothea Lange.
-  Photograph from U.S. War Relocation Authority.
-  J7647.
-  No. A-503.
-  Forms part of: Farm Security Administration and Office of War Information Collection (Library of Congress).
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id: cph 3c32050 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c32050

Preparing the arm for the injection of Typhoid Vaccine. Guatemala City

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017670046/

Reference note

Created / Published: May 1918 [date received]
Subject Headings: -  American Red Cross
-  Guatemala--Guatemala City
Genre: Glass negatives
Notes: -  Title, date and notes from Red Cross caption card.
-  Photographer name or source of original from caption card or negative sleeve: Miss Delano.
-  Group title: Guatemala.
-  Gift; American National Red Cross 1944 and 1952.
-  General information about the American National Red Cross photograph collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.anrc
-  Temp note: Batch 9
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: anrc 04089 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/anrc.04089

Packing typhus vaccine for shipment. Here is enough vaccine to innoculate a town of 15,000 population. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829832/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1055.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03533 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03533

Parke, Davis and Company, manufacturing chemists, Detroit, Michigan. Production of pertussis vaccine

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017858659/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Siegel, Arthur S., photographer
Created / Published: 1943 May.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Michigan--Wayne County--Detroit
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch5
-  Film copy on SIS roll 18, frame 1438.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d39264 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d39264

Labeling bottled vaccines. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829881/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1117.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03582 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03582

Typhus vaccine to be bottled. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829847/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1083.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03548 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03548

Cold storage of spotted fever and typhus fever vaccines. Vaccine in large flasks is the finished product waiting to be bottled. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829846/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1082.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03547 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03547

Dispensing yellow fever vaccine into ampules. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829863/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1099.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03564 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03564

Placing crude typhus vaccine in centrifuging machines. USPHS (United States Public Health Service) Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Hamilton, Montana

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829866/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1102.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03567 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03567

Army making pneumonia vaccine. Washington, D.C., Sept. 1. The Army Medical Center is preparing a pneumonia vaccine for the first mass scale inoculation ever attempted in the battle against the disease. Volunteers from the CCC will be the human guinea pigs in the experiment. The vaccine, which is 10 times as costly as gold, is being made for distribution this fall to all CCC enrollees who desire inoculations, officers expect to have enough vaccine to safeguard 300,000 individuals. Captain John R. Wood, of the Army Medical Center is shown dissolving the active ingredients in strong hydrochloric acid in the first step of manufacture[...]

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2016872278/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Harris & Ewing, photographer
Created / Published: [1937 September 1]
Subject Headings: -  United States--District of Columbia--Washington (D.C.)
Genre: Glass negatives
Notes: -  Title from unverified caption data received with the Harris & Ewing Collection.
-  Date (year) based on date of negatives in same range.
-  Gift; Harris & Ewing, Inc. 1955.
-  General information about the Harris & Ewing Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.hec
-  Temp. note: Batch five.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: hec 23303 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hec.23303

The sterility of each batch of vaccine is tested before it leaves the laboratory. Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Hamilton, Montana (USPHS--United States Public Health Service)

Reference link: http://www.loc.gov/item/2017829891/

Reference note

Contributor Names: Vachon, John, 1914-1975, photographer
Created / Published: 1942 Apr.
Subject Headings: -  United States--Montana--Ravalli County--Hamilton
Genre: Safety film negatives
Notes: -  Title and other information from caption card.
-  Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
-  More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi
-  Temp. note: owibatch1
-  Film copy on SIS roll 1, frame 1127.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Digital Id: fsa 8d03592 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8d03592