Carney's series of medical charts... https://www.loc.gov/item/98685116/
The April 3, 2020 LOC Geography and Maps Blog post by Ed Redmond highlights historic documents regarding disease data created in 1874, statistical atlas info from 1870, 1880 and 1890 Census, as well as data from the 1970 Census published in 1978. The maps, charts and graphs present this information in various formats.
https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2020/04/cartography-of-contagion/?loclr=eamap
Great resource for contextualizing current COVID-19 prevalence maps! An astute comment appears to have solved a mystery introduced in the first paragraph of the post: "Originally published in 1874, these maps of the eastern half of the United States were designed to show the distribution of diseases including typhoid, malaria, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and rheumatism that affected the US population. The maps were published by L.H. Carney, M.D., but we find no biographical data on the author."
In the comments, Sara A. Scribner writes, "I believe it is likely that the author of some of the maps in this fascinating post was S. H. Carney, not L. H. Carney. The letters S and L can look very similar in certain handwriting styles. Sidney Howard Carney, M.D. (1837-1912) received training at Amherst College and graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1860. He was later medical director at New York Life, which was perhaps the reason he created the maps. See his short biography in his wife’s entry (Hortense S. Abbott) in Eben Putnam, Lt. Joshua Hewes: A New England Pioneer and Some of His Descendants (n. p., privately printed, 1912), 188-189."