Students understand the role media played in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by listening to the description of the media correspondence during the Civil Rights Act and the role of Roger Mudd as read by  Lee Ann Potter  .

Resource: CBS News correspondent Roger Mudd reported daily from the steps of the Senate wing of the Capitol during the debate on the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Credit: U.S. Senate Historical Office

Students read Abbreviated Transcript Copy of Mildred Bond Roxborough Oral History Interview.

S.2170 - Hatch Act Modernization Act of 2012

https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/2170

Became law Dec. 28, 2012

Shown Here:

Public Law No: 112-230 (12/28/2012)

(This measure has not been amended since it was reported to the Senate on September 13, 2012. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

Hatch Act Modernization Act of 2012 - (Sec. 2) Allows a state or local officer or employee to be a candidate for partisan elective office unless the salary of such officer or employee is paid completely, directly or indirectly, by loans or grants made by the United States or a federal agency.

(Sec. 3) Redefines "state or local agency" for purposes of the Hatch Act to include the executive branch of the District of Columbia, or an agency or department thereof.

Extends the exemption from Hatch Act requirements for state or local officers or employees to individuals employed by an educational or research institution, establishment, agency or system supported in whole or in part by the District of Columbia.

Extends the exemption from the prohibition against running for elective office to the head of an executive department of the District of Columbia who is not classified under an applicable merit or civil-service system.

Extends to agencies of the District of Columbia provisions requiring the the Merit System Protection Board (MSPB) to withhold funds from agencies that reappoint employees removed for violating the Hatch Act within 18 months after removal.

Exempts individuals employed or holding office in the District of Columbia from provisions of the Hatch Act applicable to federal employees.

Makes federal employees living in the District of Columbia eligible to participate in local politics to the same extent as federal employees living in nearby areas of Maryland or Virginia.

(Sec. 4) Replaces existing penalty provisions for violations of the Hatch Act to make an offending employee subject to removal (currently, removal is mandatory), reduction in grade, debarment from federal employment for five years, suspension, reprimand, or a civil penalty of not more than $1,000.

(Sec. 5) Makes the new penalties imposed by this Act applicable to violations occurring before, on, or after the effective date of this Act, unless, before the effective date of this Act, the Special Counsel has presented a complaint for disciplinary action with respect to an alleged violation or the employee alleged to have committed the violation has entered into a signed settlement agreement with the Special Counsel.

Earlier versions to clarify a rather complicated piece of legislation:

Senate roll call:

http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=103&session=1&vote=00201

(It is interesting to see how the representatives in the House and Senate voted.)

In September 1993 there was a House roll call and how each member voted.  

http://clerk.house.gov/evs/1993/roll437.xml

Columnist Jeffrey Young looks back in history.  Who says political campaigns are only getting nasty now?  What would our forefathers have tweeted if they had social media?  

Further support for these potentially nasty tweets grounded in American history can also be found in the following links to historical documents:

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/election-of-1800.html

Young's article online:

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/old-timey-presidential-twitter-beefs_us_56d5e270e4b03260bf78402c?x3eopqfr

The final obituary for Boss Tweed appeared in The New York Times on April 14, 1878.  This is a reprint appearing in The New York Times archives in the "Time Machine".