Primary source photograph showing a closer shot of the joining ceremony.

This story details the horrors of the KKK in 1915.

(Material #1) Council of Clermont image - drawn in 1400s:

(Material #2) Pope Urban II speech Excerpt: 

"Although, O sons of God, you have promised more firmly than ever to keep the peace among yourselves and to preserve the rights of the church, there remains still an important work for you to do. Freshly quickened by the divine correction, you must apply the strength of your righteousness to another matter which concerns you as well as God. For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them. For, as the most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Greek empire] as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Hellespont, which is called the Arm of St. George. They have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire. If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them. On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it."

(Material #3) Letter of Alexious I Komnenus:

"Therefore, before Constantinople is captured by them, you most certainly ought to fight with all your strength so that you may joyfully receive in heaven a glorious and ineffable reward. For it is better that you should have Constantinople than the pagans because in that [city] precious relics of the Lord, to wit: the pillar to which he was bound; the lash with which he was scourged; the scarlet robe in which he was arrayed; the crown of thorns with which he was crowned; the reed he held in his hands, in place of a scepter; the garments of which he was despoiled before the cross; the larger part of the wood of the cross on which he was crucified; the nails with which he was affixed; the linen cloths found in the sepulcher after his resurrection; the twelve baskets of remnants from the five loaves and the two fishes; the entire head of St. John the Baptist with the hair and the beard; the relics or bodies of many of the Innocents, of certain prophets and apostles…However, if they should be unwilling to fight for the sake of these relics, and if their love of gold is greater, they will find more of it there than in all the world; for the treasure-vaults of the churches of Constantinople abound in silver, gold, gems and precious stones, and silken garments, vestments, which could suffice for all the churches in the world…"​

Sincerely, Byzantine Emporer Alexious I Komnenus

Not used for source analysis, but it is applicable for use by the teacher as it gathers a concise list of facts about Chinese railroad workers and their contributions. May also allow teacher to highlight relevancy to modern day.

Sourced from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/681/text

Link to senate.gov website which gives a brief description of the transcontinental railroad and The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 that authorized it to happen.

Teacher may assigned this as a secondary source to give students background information and allow them to contextualize the other sources.

Sourced from:https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/PacificRailwayActof1862.htm